Abstract
The growth of the construction industry has led to the greater consumption of natural resources, which has a direct or indirect negative impact on the environment. To mitigate this, recycled or waste materials are being used as a partial substitute in the manufacture of concrete. Among these waste materials is cement kiln dust (CKD), which is produced during cement production. This study investigated the potential benefits of replacing part of the cement with CKD in two construction applications, i.e., plain concrete and cement blocks. This reflects positively on cost, energy, and the environment, since putting CKD in a landfill damages agricultural soil and plant respiration. In this study, an experimental program was carried out to study how replacing various percentages of ordinary portland cement (OPC) with CKD affected the compressive strengths, the tensile strengths, and the air contents of concrete and cement blocks. Although the results showed that the compressive and tensile strengths decreased as the amount of CKD increased, the air content of the concrete increased, which showed that 5% CKD was suitable for such applications. The results were used to propose two equations that approximate the concrete and cement block compressive strengths according to the CKD replacement percentage.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, the demand for construction materials has increased due to the worldwide growth of construction projects
An experimental program was conducted to study the influence of replacing a percentage of ordinary portland cement (OPC) with cement kiln dust (CKD) in 120 specimens divided into two groups: the specimens of the first group were used to measure the most important parameters of concrete, and those of the second group were used to scale the effect on cement blocks
CKD has a detrimental impact on compressive strength, as evidenced by the fact that as the amount increased, the compressive strength of the concrete and cement block specimens decreased
Summary
Over the past few decades, the demand for construction materials has increased due to the worldwide growth of construction projects. Researchers are motivated to reduce the impact of construction materials on the environment and enhance the mechanical properties of construction materials This has led to the use of waste materials (recycled aggregate and rubber) and cement kiln dust (CKD) in the manufacture of concrete and studies on how these materials affect its behavior [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Udoeyo and Ridnap [23] studied the characteristics of hollow sandcrete blocks with added CKD as a substitute for ordinary portland cement (OPC) and concluded that when CKD is used to replace cement, the compressive strength and density of the blocks fall as the proportion of CKD replacement rises, but the percentage of water absorption of the blocks increases
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