Abstract

 The mustard production and productivity of the hot arid region of Rajasthan is dominated by both genetic makeup and environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted with four mustard varieties (RGN-73, RGN-229, RH-30 and Pusa bold) in two growing environments (open environment and neem shade). Pusa bold gave significantly higher plant height than other varieties. Among varieties, RGN-73 had significantly higher number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation per plant, siliquae per plant, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency than other varieties. However, significantly higher test weight was in Pusa bold variety. Under open environment condition, significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency were found as compared to neem shade environment. The results revealed that variety RGN-229 took more days for completion of life cycle as compared to other varieties, hence RGN-229 variety required significantly more degree days than other varieties. The pheno-thermal index was significantly higher in open condition.
Highlights
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the important oilseed crops of the world
Days taken for completion of crop emergence and inflorescence emergence were noted non-significant effect among varieties Pusa bold (21.5 days) require significantly more days taken for leaf development stage than other varieties
Heat use efficiency in open environmental condition treatment at seed (4.4 kg ha-1 oC-days-1), stover and biological yield (19.3 kg ha-1 oC-days-1) were significantly greater than neem shade environmental condition because heat use efficiency depended on biomass production and production increased with increase of heat use efficiency (Ahatsham et al, 2018), which is a measure of amount of dry matter production per unit of thermal unit, worked out as per procedures reported by Sahu et al, (2007)
Summary
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the important oilseed crops of the world. Plant origin oil constitute important component of human diet, ranking third after cereals and animal products and are nutritionally superior to animal oil (Alam et al, 2015; Buttar and Aulakh, 1999, FAO, 2007). The shade condition was statistical significant as more days taken to achieve all the phenological stages likes that emergence (4.3 days), inflorescences emergence (46 days), flowering (58.3 days), fruit development (88.4 days), physiological maturity (116.8 days) and harvesting maturity (128 days) compared to open condition.
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