Abstract
Pedestrian bridges are constructed in various structures and by using various materials in order to ensure safe passage of pedestrians in various situations such as vehicle traffic, animal traffic and natural formations in or out of the city centres. There are bridge or passage designs allowing passage for autos and pedestrians, bicycles and trains as well as bridges used by pedestrians only. We can observe the construction of pedestrian bridges in various civilizations and eras throughout the history. In 19th century, together with the industrial revolution and the invention of steam train, pedestrian bridges were constructed over the railways and after invention of automobile in 20th century and due to the changes and developments in sea, lake and river vehicles, requirement for bridges around highways, sea transportation routes and railways aroused. These bridges sometimes converted into spaces while being monumental accessories of the cities ensuring the formation of cultural and historical identity in settlements. In this study, the aim is to handle the bridges, which are urban accessory elements, by a scientific research so as to let it constitute a written source for the other future studies to be made about this issue. Under the scope of the study, the historical course related with the design of pedestrian bridges and samples was examined and then classifications were made according to their area of usage, type of usage, material and structure. Finally the spatial loop of pedestrian bridges and today’s design measures were examined.
Highlights
The need for pedestrian bridges has increased within the bridge structures defined as the wooden, concrete or iron structure which links the two sides divided by any obstacle or lets the traffic stream to pass over without interrupting any other traffic stream (Url-1)
This definition remains incapable for defining the pedestrian bridges defined as a bridge which is constructed for the access of pedestrians by Turkish Language Society (Url-1)
The pedestrian bridges are the bridges having different structures and constructed by using various materials in order to let the people to walk across the street safely in various cases such as vehicle traffic, animal traffic, natural formations, etc. in and outside the centres of population
Summary
The need for pedestrian bridges has increased within the bridge structures defined as the wooden, concrete or iron structure which links the two sides divided by any obstacle or lets the traffic stream to pass over without interrupting any other traffic stream (Url-1). The pedestrian bridges have been gained importance as the structures through which the people may access the trade centres where they may fulfil the health services, education opportunities and needs especially in the rural areas. The pedestrian bridges are called with different names depending on aspects such as their relation with the ground of bridges and their usage: footbridge, underbridge, skyway, etc These bridges and passages have sometimes made contribution to the cultural and historical identity formation in the settlements: The bridges located on the channels of Netherlands, Mostar Bridge, Venice bridges, etc. The pedestrian bridges and passages which conform to the definition of bridge and act as footbridge will be reviewed
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