Abstract
This article proposes a new way of organizing Brazilian electoral data from 1945 to 1962 and discusses some classic interpretations of the countrys political party system. One obstacle to research on parties in the Republic of 1946 was the lack of complete party-by-party data. The reason is that official statistics did not distinguish data by party in the case of joint party slates for the Legislative Branch. The purpose of this study was to overcome this limitation by identifying the party affiliations of candidates in each slate. This approach allowed the partisan identification of nearly all of the votes. The second part of the article evaluates some of the classic political proposals from the same period: conservative parties were on the decline and the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB) on the rise; parties were undergoing continuous nationalization; and the party system was becoming increasingly fragmented.
Highlights
This article proposes a new way of organizing Brazilian electoral data
One obstacle to research on parties in the Republic
The reason is that official statistics did not distinguish data
Summary
A bibliografia sobre o sistema partidário da República de 1946 é extensa. Em levantamento preliminar, encontrei cerca de 130 trabalhos, dentre artigos, livros e teses, sobre o assunto. Ao lidar com os dados das eleições para a Câmara dos Deputados do período 1945-64, constatei que, apesar de a estatística oficial não indicar o partido dos candidatos que concorriam por coligações, esta informação podia ser obtida em outras fontes. Depois de identificar a votação que cada partido obteve nas eleições para a Câmara dos Deputados, o passo seguinte foi verificar se esses dados traziam novos elementos para interpretar o sistema partidário da República de 1946. Resolvi reavaliar algumas proposições clássicas apresentadas pelos principais autores que estudaram o período: a) os partidos conservadores estavam declinando e o PTB crescendo (Gláucio Soares); b) os partidos estavam passando por um processo de nacionalização (Olavo Brasil de Lima Junior); c) as eleições para a Câmara dos Deputados conheceram um contínuo processo de fragmentação (Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos).
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