Abstract

Both syntactic and semantic structures are key linguistic contextual clues, in which parsing the latter has been well shown beneficial from parsing the former. However, few works ever made an attempt to let semantic parsing help syntactic parsing. As linguistic representation formalisms, both syntax and semantics may be represented in either span (constituent/phrase) or dependency, on both of which joint learning was also seldom explored. In this paper, we propose a novel joint model of syntactic and semantic parsing on both span and dependency representations, which incorporates syntactic information effectively in the encoder of neural network and benefits from two representation formalisms in a uniform way. The experiments show that semantics and syntax can benefit each other by optimizing joint objectives. Our single model achieves new state-of-the-art or competitive results on both span and dependency semantic parsing on Propbank benchmarks and both dependency and constituent syntactic parsing on Penn Treebank.

Highlights

  • This work makes the first attempt to fill the gaps on syntactic and semantic parsing from jointly considering its representation forms and their linguistic processing layers

  • As semantics is usually considered as a higher layer of linguistics over syntax, most previous studies focus on how the latter helps the former

  • Semantics may benefit from syntax which has been well known, but syntax may benefit from semantics, which is an obvious gap in explicit linguistic structure parsing and few attempts were ever reported

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Summary

Introduction

This work makes the first attempt to fill the gaps on syntactic and semantic parsing from jointly considering its representation forms and their linguistic processing layers. Both span (constituent) and dependency are effective formal representations for both semantics and syntax, which have been well studied and discussed from both linguistic and computational perspective, though few works comprehensively considered the impact of either/both representation styles over the respective parsing (Chomsky, 1981; Li et al, 2019b). As semantics is usually considered as a higher layer of linguistics over syntax, most previous studies focus on how the latter helps the former. Few previous works focus on the relationship between syntax and semantic which only based on dependency structure (Swayamdipta et al, 2016; Henderson et al, 2013; Shi et al, 2016)

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