Parliamentary Representatives in Europe 1848-2000. Legislative Recruitment and Careers in Eleven European Countries

Abstract

Elite Transformation and Modes of Representation since the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Some Theoretical Considerations The Incremental Transformation of the Danish Legislative Elite: The Party System as Prime Mover Professional and Expert Representation: Recruitment of the Parliamentary Elite in Finland since 1863 Detours to Modernity: Long Term Trends of Parliamentary Recruitment in Republican France 1848-1999 Challenges, Failures and Final Success: The Winding Path of German Parliamentary Leadership Groups toward a Structurally Integrated Elite 1848-1999 Belated Professionalisation of Parliamentary Elites: Hungary 1848-1997 Parliamentary Elite Transformations along the Discontinuous Road of Democratisation: Italy 1861-1999 Representatives of the Dutch People: The Smooth Transformation of the Parliamentary Elite in a Consociational Democracy Democratisation and Parliamentary Elite Recruitment in Norway 1848-1996 Political Recruitment and Elite Transformation in Modern Portugal 1870-1999: The Late Arrival of Mass Representation Spanish Diputados: From the 1876 Restoration to Consolidated Democracy Continuity and Change: Legislative Recruitment in the United Kingdom 1868-1999 Between Professionalisation and Democratisation: A Synoptic View on the Making of the European Representative