Parametric study of GNPs nano addition in water diesel emulsified fuel on diesel engine at variable injection timings

Abstract

ABSTRACT The current investigation is to determine the influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in Water Diesel Emulsified Fuel (WDEF) of a compression ignition (CI) engine by changing injection timing (IT). The WDEF includes 94% diesel, 5% water, and 1% QPAN-80 and is referred to as D94W5Q1. For better stability, GNPs are added to D94W5Q1 at different doses (30, 60, and 90 ppm) utilizing ultrasonication, and the samples are referred to D94W5Q1-GNPs30, D94W5Q1-GNPs60, and D94W5Q1-GNPs90. The samples were run on a diesel engine at a uniform speed, fixed compression ratio (CR), and IT of 1500 rpm, 18:1, and 23°bTDC. The lower emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke were observed to be 61.72, 51.16, 48.45, and 25.51%, respectively, and enhanced Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 1.95% resulted for D94W5Q1-GNPs60, which is determined as an optimum blend. This optimum blend was evaluated further at various ITs of 19, 21, 23, and 25°bTDC, and the experimental values demonstrated higher BTE, in-cylinder pressure (CP), and heat release rate (HRR) of 3.49, 9.13, and 4.64% respectively, and reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) of 3.08%. Furthermore, the emissions were decreased for HC, CO, and smoke by 5.84, 22, and 8.91%, respectively, but the NOx value was raised by 3.01% at 25°bTDC. Finally, the D94W5Q1-GNPs60 blend at advanced IT enhances the overall engine performance.