Effect of multi ferrites nanoparticles added Terminalia bellirica biodiesel on diesel engine: Combustion, performance, and emission studies

Abstract

The objective of current investigation is to assess the diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions fuelled with bismuth ferrite codoped with zinc and manganese (BZnFMO) nanoparticles dispersed Terminalia bellirica biodiesel. BZnFMO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in B20 together with the surfactant and the dispersant at a concentration of 50 ppm and 75 ppm, respectively, and the stability of the nanoparticles in B20 was evaluated by UV photo spectroscopy. In addition, the experimental analysis of all nano-fuel samples was tested on diesel engines with different injection timing (i.e. 21°bTDC, 23°bTDC and 25°bTDC). The addition of nanoparticles in B20 led to an improvement in performance and combustion properties while simultaneously reducing emissions. The dispersion of BZnFMO nanoparticles in B20 led to a significant improvement in cylinder pressure (CP), cumulative heat release rate (CHRR), rate of pressure rise (RoPR) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), while reducing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and diesel engine smoke opacity. The increase in injection timing also led to an improvement in performance and combustion characteristics, as well as a reduction in emissions, with the exception of NOx. At 25°bTDC, a CP of 71.14 bar, a CHRR of 3.27 J/°CA and a RoPR of 5.3 bar/°CA were found, while BTE and BSFC were 35.03 % and 0.391 kg/kWh, respectively for B20 + 75 ppm BZnFMO + 75 ppm TWEEN 80. The values for CO, UHC, NOx, smoke opacity and nitrogen oxides were 0.01 %, 22 ppm, 826 ppm and 35.85 % respectively.