Abstract
The possibility for a parallel execution of computations strongly depends on the architecture of the execution platform. This chapter gives an overview of the general structure of parallel computers which determines how computations of a program can be mapped to the available resources, such that a parallel execution is obtained. Section 2.1 gives a short overview of the use of parallelism within a single processor or processor core. Using the available resources within a single processor core at instruction level can lead to a significant performance increase. Sections 2.2 and 2.3 describe the control and data organization of parallel platforms. Based on this, Sect.2.4 presents an overview of the architecture of multicore processors and describes the use of thread-based parallelism for simultaneous multithreading.
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