Papel de la lipotoxicidad en el desarrollo de la lesión renal en el síndrome metabólico y el envejecimiento

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a worrying increase in the prevalence of obesity as a result of changes in lifestyle, such as greater sedentariness and modifications in dietary habits. These changes have led to an increase in food intake and energy imbalance. Obese patients are at greater risk of developing hypertension, heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, progressive population aging, together with decreased exercise, increased adiposity and loss of muscle mass, also contributes to the development of these associated complications. The caloric excess accumulates in the form of triglycerides in adipose tissue. However, this excess can also accumulate in ectopic organs other than adipose tissue, which contributes to the damage of these organs through a process called lipotoxicity.The present article reviews renal lipotoxicity and how it is affected by dyslipidemia, lipid accumulation resulting from receptor-mediated uptake, lipid transport facilitated by albumin, and lipid synthesis in the kidney. The result of this lipid accumulation is an alteration of renal metabolism whose mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species, alteration and/or inactivation of cell signalling pathways, and the release of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, leading to renal disease.