Oxy-bridged bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)furazan and its energetic salts paired with nitrogen-rich cations: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity

Abstract

Energetic salts based on 4,4′-oxybis[3,3′-(1H-5-tetrazol)]furazan were readily synthesized and fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C), IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bis(guanidinium) (6), bis(aminoguanidinium) (7), bis(diaminoguanidinium) (8) salts and carbonic dihydrazidinium(HBTFOF)2 (13) were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the salts exhibit excellent thermal stabilities with decomposition temperatures over the range 212–289 °C. The densities of the energetic salts ranged between 1.64 and 1.86 g cm−3. The detonation pressures and velocities were calculated to be between 19.7 and 30.8 GPa and 7266–8624 m s−1, respectively. Impact sensitivities were found to be in the range 5–36 J. The relationship between salt structure and thermal stability was studied by NBO analysis for compounds 6, 7, and 8.