High-Oxygen-Balance Furazan Anions: A Good Choice for High-Performance Energetic Salts.

Abstract

3,4-Diaminofurazan was conveniently converted into energetic salts of 3,4-dinitraminofurazan that were paired with nitrogen-rich cations in fewer than three steps. Seven energetic salts were prepared and fully characterized by multinuclear ((1) H, (13) C) NMR and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis. In addition, the structures of the ammonium salt (2), hydrazinium salt (4), hydroxylammonium salt (5), aminoguanidinium salt (7), diaminoguanidinium salt (8) and triaminoguanidinium salt of 3,4-dinitraminofurazan (9) were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The densities of these salts were between 1.673 (8) and 1.791 g cm(-3) (5), whilst their oxygen balances were between -48.20 % (9) and -6.25 % (5). These salts showed high thermal stabilities, with decomposition temperatures between 179 (5) and 283 °C (6). Their sensitivities towards impact and friction were measured by BAM equipment to be between <1 J (9) and >40 J (6-8) and 64 N (9) and >360 N (6), respectively. The detonation performance of these compounds, which was calculated by using the EXPLO5 program, revealed detonation pressures of between 28.0 (6) and 40.5 GPa (5) and detonation velocities of between 8404 (6) and 9407 m s(-1) (5).