Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease: A Review

Abstract

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by the aberrant hemoglobin S, resulting in the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells and a cascade of clinical complications. While the molecular aspects of SCD are well-elucidated, recent investigations underscore the critical influence of oxidative stress and redox signaling in the disease’s pathophysiology. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the interplay between oxidative stress, redox signaling, and SCD, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. Discussions encompass the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways. The consequences of oxidative stress, such as vaso-occlusion, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, are examined in detail. Furthermore, the review evaluates existing antioxidant therapies, explores potential strategies targeting redox signaling pathways, and discusses emerging therapeutic targets. By elucidating the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and SCD, this review aims to advance our understanding of the disease’s complexity and pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions, offering renewed hope for enhanced patient care and management.