Abstract
Despite promising outcomes observed with islet transplantation and advancements in immunomodulatory therapies, new and infinite sources of β cells for effective β-cell replacement therapy are strongly required. Stem cell therapy offers a solution to the cited challenges of islet transplantation. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and adipose tissue. We also touch upon generation of β-cells via transdifferentiation of exocrine acinar and ductal cells and of glucagon-producing α-cells, as well as by replication of existing β-cells. The application of stem cell therapy in the cure for T1D appears extremely promising.
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