Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of mild COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on ovarian function in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Specifically, we assessed ovarian outcomes between 9 and 18months post-infection and investigated the effects of COVID-19 vaccines (inactivated virus and adenovirus) on reproductive parameters. The study included two objectives: (a) examining ovarian function in post-COVID-19 patients (9-18months post-infection) compared to a control group and (b) comparing reproductive outcomes in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients. According to the study objectives, ART patients were divided into the following groups: a control group (n = 30), a post-COVID-19 group (n = 55), an unvaccinated group (n = 70), and a vaccinated group (n = 55). Findings revealed a reduction in the number of retrieved and mature oocytes in patients over 36years in the post-COVID-19 group. Lower IL-1β levels were found in follicular fluid (FF) of post-COVID-19 patients, while VEGF levels were reestablished between 9 and 18months post-infection. Although cell migration was reduced in endothelial cells incubated with post-COVID-19 FF, angiogenic factor levels and DNA integrity remained stable. No significant differences in retrieved or mature oocytes were observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. VEGF levels and DNA integrity in FF from post-COVID-19 patients were normalized between 9 and 18months post-infection. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination did not negatively impact ovarian response in ART patients, supporting vaccine safety in reproductive contexts.
Published Version
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