Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Extreme interest in the problem of osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis, OA) is due to the significant spread of this form of joint pathology. Research in recent years has made it possible to revise our ideas about the pathogenesis of this process with confirmation of the leading role of inflammation in the development of functional and structural damage in the specified pathology. The review article discusses the features of the pathogenesis of OA. It is noted that OA is a complex disease that affects not only cartilage tissue, but also intra-articular and peri-articular tissues. Clinical classification of OA, classification criteria for OA of hand, knee and hip joints are presented. Considered phenotypes of pain in OA, methods of pain assessment. It is noted that the diagnosis of OA of the knee and hand joints in the practice of the doctor is based mainly on the data of the clinical picture; an exception is OA of the hip joints. Presented Consensus for the development of criteria for primary care physicians for the diagnosis of OA using the methodology of red flags, which allows the examination to identify exactly those patients who should be immediately referred to narrow specialists.