Os valores dos profissionais de saúde e sua influência no cuidado obstétrico: cotidiano das maternidades

Abstract

Obstetric violence has been a topic whose discussion has been the subject of academic studies and, especially, in strictosensu postgraduate programs, whether in Masters or PhD. It is a violence that depreciates the physical, psychological, moral and sexual aspects of the woman, configuring violence against her own dignity, being based on a perspective of violence that is not restricted only to labor and childbirth, but in all contexts of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. This study had, as research problems, to identify the values of health professionals in relation to their performance in the obstetric field? How are values articulated in the meaning of health professionals about obstetric violence? The study presented the following general objective: to understand the meaning of the values of health professionals in public maternity hospitals in the Metropolitan Region II of the State of Rio de Janeiro and its influence on obstetric violence, based on the axiological dimension of Max Scheler. Its specific objectives were: Unveiling the meanings of values in the expression of health professionals working in the field of obstetric care; analyze the values expressed by health professionals about obstetric violence; discuss the axiological assessment based on the meaning of health professionals about the obstetric violence phenomenon. A study with a qualitative approach, based on phenomenological research, based on Max Scheler's Theory of Values. There were forty-eight participants, of which 24 were nurses and 24 were physicians from four maternity hospitals in the said Metropolitan Region, namely: Antonio Pedro University Hospital; Azevedo Lima State Hospital; Alzira Reis Vieira Ferreira Municipal Maternity; Dr. Mario Niajar Municipal Hospital. The phenomenological interview was used to obtain the data. Written discourses were analyzed according to Paul Ricoeur's Theory of Interpretation. After the construction of the corpus, three Units of Significance originated: The meanings of the healthcare practice of health professionals: the expressiveness of their values; The humanization of labor and childbirth: the valuation care; The meanings of health professionals about obstetric violence allowed us to confirm the thesis that there is a hierarchy of values for the delivery and birth care, which are shaped by the induction of Public Health Policies in the reproductive field, guided during the period of 2001-2018 and in the collective of women, which made possible changes in the value order related to obstetric care practice. Thus, the study concluded that this movement enables changes in obstetric care, which values respect, justice, women's rights, because when there is this transition process, there is also a tendency for care that guarantees the role of women and contributes to shared care, focusing on dialogue and childbirth safety so that quality care can be established