Oryantalist Kur'an Araştırmaları Bir Müslüman İçin Ne İfade Eder?

Abstract

The history of the Qur'an has been one of the most important and most studied areas of ori-entalist Islamic studies for the last two hundred years. Since it is the main source of Islam, the Qur'an has always attracted the attention of orientalists and they have conducted many studies on the Qur'an from various perspectives. Therefore, orientalists became the founders of the history of the Qur'an as a branch of science in its modern sense, and they were the first to determine the main research topics and methods of this field. In terms of their basic paradigms, they do not accept that the Qur'an is a divine revelation sent down to the Prophet Muhammad. The orientalists, who act with the presupposition that Muhammad wrote the Qur’an, or had it dictated, have researched the writing of the Qur'an from the beginning of Muhammad's prophethood to the present day and the stages it has gone through after being a Mushaf. In this direction, first, led by Abraham Geiger (d. 1874), they tried to determine the origin of the Islam and Qur'an, and sought the origin of Islam in the surrounding religions and cultures, especially in the monotheistic religions. Almost simultaneous-ly, by following the path opened by Theodor Nöldeke (d. 1930), who was accepted as the founder of the Qur'anic history in the modern period, they tried to reach the most authentic text and a critical Qur'anic text through studies on the Qur'an manuscripts. In addition to the history of the Qur'anic text, they were also interested in the inner structure of the Qur'an, and they also worked on the rela-tionship between the surahs and verses, in other words, the unity of the text, as well as the order of the surahs and verses. Muslims, on the other hand, entered the history of the Qur'an in its modern sense, after the orientalists, and generally wrote studies aimed at answering their claims. In this study, firstly, Western Qur'anic history literature is presented by considering the historical stages, studies, schools, names, works, basic claims and methods that the history of the Qur'an has gone through from the time it emerged in the modern period to the present day. After presenting the orientalist tradition and accumulation in this way, what all these means for Muslim researchers is discussed. While discussion this, the presuppositions and paradigm differences between the two worlds were taken into consideration.