Abstract
Abstract Monitoring the amount of steam distributed to individual injectors is an important part of steamflood management. For many years, attempts have been made to employ orifice meters at injectors to measure steam quality or rate. However, published orifice meter correlations for two-phase steam vary significantly. Of primary concern is whether or not there is a strong correlation between the pressure drop across the orifice plate and changes in steam quality and/or flow rate. It is also important to understand the impact of two-phase flow regime (e.g., slug flow, annular-mist flow, stratified flow, …) on pressure drop across the orifice plate and how it affects the reliability and accuracy of the orifice meter. This paper discusses the basic principles of steam flow through orifice meters and presents a straightforward analysis of the reliability and accuracy of orifice meters for measuring steam qualities or rates at injectors. Additionally, the problems encountered when using two orifice meters or orifice meter and critical flow choke in series to simultaneously measure injector steam quality and rate are examined.
Published Version
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