Abstract
BackgroundInvolvement of agrochemicals have been suggested in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). The association between CKDu and blood level of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in CKDu patients has been examined in the present study.MethodsAll the recruited study subjects (n = 300) were divided in three groups, namely, healthy control (n = 100), patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (n = 100), and patients with chronic kidney disease of known etiology (CKDk) (n = 100). Blood OCP levels of all three study groups were analyzed by gas chromatography.ResultsIncreased level of OCPs, namely α-HCH, aldrin, and β-endosulfan, were observed in CKDu patients as compared to healthy control and CKD patients of known etiology. The levels of these pesticides significantly correlated negatively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively with urinary albumin of CKD patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed association of γ-HCH, p, p′-DDE, and β-endosulfan with CKDu on adjustment of age, sex, BMI, and total lipid content.ConclusionsIncreased blood level of certain organochlorine pesticides is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.
Highlights
Involvement of agrochemicals have been suggested in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)
The blood pressure, levels of total cholesterol, and triglyceride were found higher in CKD patients of known etiology (CKDk)/CKDu patients as compared to healthy controls; the increase was found to be statistically insignificant
Namely serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea, and urinary albumin were found significantly higher in enrolled CKD/CKDu patients as compared to healthy controls
Summary
Involvement of agrochemicals have been suggested in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). In loss of functional glomerular tissue, defects in the glomeru- significant number of CKD cases, the underlying cause lar filter function, and subsequent proteinuria [1]. In the recent report of CKD registry a common appearance of glomerulosclerosis, vascular scler- of India, chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology osis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, eventually causing scar- (CKDu) was found to be the second most common cause ring and nephron loss, thereby perpetuating a vicious cycle [2]. CKDu patients are characterized by non-conformation that results in the end-stage kidney disease [1]
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