Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intention: The Moderating Role of Leadership Behavior

Abstract

This study is examining the moderating role of Leadership Behavior on formulating a relationship between Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention, secondly, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intention among the employees in Abbottabad banking sector. The study used stratified sampling technique for collection of data. The study population included employees of all banking departments in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and researcher tried to approach all of the banks and employee for completing the target of 500 but many of the questionnaires were blank so the sample size of the existing study was 350. For examining the moderating role of Leadership Behavior on Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intention among employees of banking sector descriptive, regression, correlation and moderation analysis are applied. Questionnaires were distributed among the employees for the accurate results and the results showed that there exists a significant relation among the variables and all the hypothesis were accepted. In addition to that, leadership behavior successfully moderates the relationship between organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention. References Ahmad, S., Shahzad, K., Shams-ur-Rehman, Khan, N. A., & Shad, I. U. (2010). Impact of organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior on turnover intentions of call center personnel in Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18. Altindis, S. (2011). Job motivation and organizational commitment among the health professionals: A questionnaire survey. African Journal of Business Management, 5(21), 8601-8609. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421–449. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Burgan, S. C., & Burgan, D. S. (2014). One size does not fit all: Choosing the right project approach. Project Management Institute. Chang, H. Y., Chu, T. L., Liao, Y. N., Chang, Y. T., & Teng, C. I. (2019). How do career barriers and supports impact nurse professional commitment and professional turnover intention? Journal of nursing management, 27(2), 347-356. Chek, T. N. F. A. T., Noordin, N. F. M., & Nordin, N. A. (2020). ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AMONG ACADEMIC LIBRARIAN IN UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 18(1). Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 86(2), 278-321. De Hoogh, A. H., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader's social responsibility, top management team effectiveness and subordinates' optimism: A multi-method study. The leadership quarterly, 19(3), 297- Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.03.002 Gini, A. (1998). Moral leadership and business ethics. In J. B. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 27–45). Westport: Quorum Books. Grant, A. M., Christianson, M. K., & Price, R. H. (2007). Happiness, health, or relationships? Managerial practices and employee well-being tradeoffs. Academy of management perspectives, 21(3), 51-63. Heidari, M., Rajaeepoor, S., Davoodi, S. M. R., & Bozorgzadeh, N. (2012). Investigating the relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour among teachers of Abadeh. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(1), 113-122 Jensen, A., Ernst, J., Maagaard, C. A., & Hansen, H. (2019). CSR and Employee Engagement: Creating the good employee through organizational citizenship. Karatepe, O. M. (2011). Customer aggression, emotional exhaustion, and hotel employee outcomes: A study in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 279-295. Khan, K. M., Ullah M. (2021). Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership Between Employees Empowerment and Competitive Edge: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9223 Khalid, S. A., & AbdulRahman, N. (2019). ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB) AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG OPERATION EMPLOYEES. Proceeding: Intercultural Collaboration Indonesia–Malaysia" Implementation of Tamansiswa Philosophy", 10-18. Kuoppala, J., Lamminpää, A., Liira, J., & Vainio, H. (2008). Leadership, job well-being, and health effects: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50, 904–915. Labrague, L. J., McEnroe – Petitte, D. M., Tsaras, K., Cruz, J. P., Colet, P. C., & Gloe, D. S. (2018). Organizational commitment and turnover intention among rural nurses in the Philippines: Implications for nursing management. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.09.001 Lorentzon, M. (1992). AUTHORITY, LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NURSING. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17(5), 525-527. Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological bulletin, 108(2), 171. McCormack, B., & Hopkins, E. (1995). The development of clinical leadership through supported reflective practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 4(3), 161-168. Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of applied psychology, 78(4), 538. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (2013). Employee—organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Moorman, R. H., Niehoff, B. P., & Organ, D. W. (1993). Treating employees fairly and organizational citizenship behavior: Sorting the effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and procedural justice. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 6(3), 209-225. Paine, J. B., & Organ, D. W. (2000). The cultural matrix of organizational citizenship behavior:Some preliminary conceptual and empirical observations. Human resource management review, 10(1), 45-59. Reijseger, G., Schaufeli, W., Peeters, M. C., & Taris, T. W. (2012). Ready, set, go! A model of the relation between work engagement and performance. Somech, A., & Drach‐Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 77(3), 281-298. Somunoglu, S., Erdem, E., & Erdem, U. (2012). Organizational commitment in healthcare sector workers: Sample of Denizli city. HealthMed, 6(7), 2362-2369. Tarigan, V., & Ariani, D. W. (2015). Empirical study relations job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 5(2), 21. Tufail, M., Zia, Y. A., Khan, S., & Irfan, M. (2012). Glance at Organizational Commitment, Antecedents and Consequences (1960-2005). Journal of Managerial Sciences, 6(1). Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based Journal of management, 34(1), 89-126. Yücel, İ. (2012). Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: An empirical study. Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Xu, S., Yang, L. Q., & Bednall, T. C. (2019). Why Abusive Supervision Impacts Employee OCB and CWB: A Meta-Analytic Review of Competing Mediating Mechanisms. Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318823935 Ishfaq, Umer, and Muhammad Mudassar Abbasi. "The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Transformational Leadership on Emotional Intelligence and Project Success." Journal of Positive School Psychology8 (2022): 3668-3682. Ellahi, Abida, et al. "Effect of Workaholism, Job Demands and Social Support on Workplace Incivility." Indian Journal of Economics and Business4 (2021).