Optimum Combination of Alphamangostin-Dihydroartemisinin in Vitro as Antimalaria

Abstract

Drug discovery effort need to be done because of the malaria drug resistance evidence. Against the available ACTs, this resistance also started to develop. Alphamangostin has antimalarial activity and has synergistic effect with dihydroartemisinin. The aim of this study was to look for the optimum ratio of this combination as antimalaria with the lowest IC50 (the most active) and the smallest Sum of FIC50 (the most synergistic effect). Three kinds of stock solution of combination of alphamangostin with dihydroartemisinin were made consisting of: 1) a half of IC50 alphamangostin with a half of dihydroartemisinin, 2) Three quarter of IC50 alphamangostin with a quarter of dihydroartemisinin, 3) a quarter of IC50 alphamangostin with three quarter of dihydroartemisinin. 3D7 clone of Plasmodium falciparum cultivation was treated by each of those stock solutions in various dilution duplicately. Parasitaemia percentage was counted and analyzed by probit analysis to find out the IC50 and the sum of FIC50 of those combinations. It was shown that IC50 and the sum of FIC50 of the first, second, and third combination was 0.0011 microgram/ mL and 0.733; 0.00023 microgram / mL and 0.115; 0.00028 microgram / mL and 0.233 consecutively. It seemed that the second combination was the most ideal combination according its synergistic effect.