Optimized Cluster Based Deployment of Sensor Nodes to Enhance the Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

In wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency of the sensor nodes is the major concern due to its battery driven nature. To extend the network lifetime, the flow of data has to be reduced in the network, by integrating data at central node of the cluster. To keep the sensing nodes within the coverage range, careful deployment is mandatory. In cluster based deployment, all the nodes are placed in the form of small clusters controlled by cluster head. To minimize the energy consumption and maximize the life time of the sensor networks, various factors like highest remaining energy, minimum movement of head node and minimum distance from the base station are considered in this paper. For deployment of nodes in sensor networks, various methods such as hexagon, square based and triangle based deployment had been used earlier. We proposed efficient deployment methods called rhombus and pentagonal deployment technique, to enhance the life time of the wireless sensor network, by minimizing the individual node energy dissipation. We simulated these techniques using network simulator NS2 based on residual energy, delay, packet delivery ratio and average packet dropped. After calculating results, we conclude that rhombus deployment method performs better in terms of the residual energy, delay, packet delivery ratio and average packet dropped. The nodes placed in a rhombus pattern consume 2.66% less energy than the energy consumed by nodes placed in the square pattern, which was the best among the existing deployment methods.