Optimization of Video Surveillance System Deployment Based on Space Syntax and Deep Reinforcement Learning

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With the widespread deployment of video surveillance devices, a large number of indoor and outdoor places are under the coverage of cameras, which plays a significant role in enhancing regional safety management and hazard detection. However, a vast number of cameras lead to high installation, maintenance, and analysis costs. At the same time, low-quality images and potential blind spots in key areas prevent the full utilization of the video system’s effectiveness. This paper proposes an optimization method for video surveillance system deployment based on space syntax analysis and deep reinforcement learning. First, space syntax is used to calculate the connectivity value, control value, depth value, and integration of the surveillance area. Combined with visibility and axial analysis results, a weighted index grid map of the area’s surveillance importance is constructed. This index describes the importance of video coverage at a given point in the area. Based on this index map, a deep reinforcement learning network based on DQN (Deep Q-Network) is proposed to optimize the best placement positions and angles for a given number of cameras in the area. Experiments show that the proposed framework, integrating space syntax and deep reinforcement learning, effectively improves video system coverage efficiency and allows for quick adjustment and refinement of camera placement by manually setting parameters for specific areas. Compared to existing coverage-first or experience-based optimization, the proposed method demonstrates significant performance and efficiency advantages.