Abstract
Kahweol and cafestol were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction, replacing the conventional liquid: liquid method. Three parameters of extraction were investigated: amplitude level (41, 102. 5 and 164 μm), extraction time (2, 4 and 6 min) and solvent volume (2, 4 and 6 mL). All parameters had a significant effect on the extraction (p < 0.05). Higher amplitude (164 μm) and volume near the central point (4 mL) significantly increased kahweol and cafestol contents. The process time effect was differentiated for each diterpene. Optimum conditions for diterpene simultaneous extraction was chosen: 164 μm, 4 mL of solvent and 6 min-extraction. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the ultrasound treatment caused a physical modification in the matrix. The kahweol and cafestol contents obtained by sonication were lower compared to the observed for liquid/liquid extraction (13% for kahweol and 3% for cafestol). However, sonication had a positive impact, intensifying and accelerating the process. The use of sonication allowed the extractive process to be simplified, reducing the number of stages (two steps compared to the conventional method), the amount of solvent and the analysis time.
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