Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Conditions on Vitamin C from Roselle Flower

Abstract

Roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has many benefits. Vitamin C is an antioxidant in which the human body required. It contains a high amount of vitamin C. However, vitamin C is susceptible to high temperatures. Proper extraction treatment conditions produce optimum vitamin C. This study aims to determine the optimization of vitamin C in rosella flowers. This research uses UAE with Qsonica type – Q500 (500 W, 20 kHz). Extraction treatment conditions control amplitude, time and amount of solvent. The research method used is a laboratory experiment with the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) type CCD (Central Composite Design) approach. The research method was an experimental laboratory using a CCD (Central Composite Design) via RSM (Response Surface Methodology) with an amplitude level from 20% to 50%, a time level from 10 minutes to 20 minutes, and a ratio of the amount of solvent from 140 mL to 260 mL by weight. The results showed that the length of time and the amount of solvent had a significant effect, while the amplitude had no significant effect. The significant quadratic model at p value 0.05 and R2 0.9221 with optimum UAE conditions in the treatment combination of 50 percent amplitude, 20 minutes of time, and 140 ml of solvent resulted in an optimum vitamin C content of 38.76 mg/100g. This research can be used as a reference to determine the value of vitamin C with different amplitude, time, and amount of solvent from the research data.