Abstract
Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterize the transfersomes for percutaneous delivery of peptides and proteins. In particular, this study was a preliminary study for the transfersomes formulation of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for topical delivery.
 Methods: The transfersomes was prepared by thin film hydration method using phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as vesicle former. In this study, transfersomes formulas were optimized, namely TF1, TF2, TF3, and TF4 with several ratios of phospholipid and surfactant which were 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25, respectively. Afterward, the transfersomes were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology of vesicles, and deformability index.
 Results: The results showed that the best formulation was TF3 with the ratio of 80:20 with a particle size of 118.6±1.33 nm, polydispersity index of 0.102±0.011, zeta potential of-30.9±0,46 mV, and deformability index of 1.182±0.08. TEM analysis also showed spherical and unilamellar vesicles of transfersomes.
 Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the sodium deoxycholate-based transfersomes could be potential to be further formulated with peptide and protein for percutaneous delivery.
Highlights
Advances in biotechnology have resulted in many peptides synthesis and use of peptides and proteins in the treatment of various diseases
Transdermal delivery is an attractive option for the delivery of peptides and proteins, since it is invasive and avoids first-pass degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and liver [1]
Besides proteins and peptides that are intended for systemic delivery, many peptides have potential therapeutic or cosmetic value if they can be locally administered to target sites within the skin [2]
Summary
Advances in biotechnology have resulted in many peptides synthesis and use of peptides and proteins in the treatment of various diseases. Sodium deoxycholate has been used in several studies to produce transfersomes and showed high entrapment efficiency value as well as increased flux of the penetrated drugs into skin [15, 16]. The transfersomes vesicles were formulated with several ratios of phospholipid and surfactant as shown at table 1.
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