Optimization of Orderly Charging/Discharging Strategy for Electric Vehicles Considering Incremental Cost of V2G

Abstract

The integration of electric vehicles (EV) into demand-side response holds significant potential, which not only helps to reduce the operational expense of EVs, but also presents a viable strategy for the grid peak regulation. In this paper, the load simulation model of EVs is proposed based on the probability distribution of charging/discharging behaviours of different types of EV users from statistical data. On this basis, considering the incentive effect of hourly electricity price, an orderly charging/discharging optimization model is proposed to consider EV charging cost, discharge income and incremental battery loss cost caused by EV participating in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. This model provides a more accurate estimation on the incremental costs and market arbitrage benefits of EVs in V2G mode on the basis of conventional transportation utilization, so as to better optimize the operation strategy of the EVs for demand response. Numerical results show that in the context of tariff of usage (TOU), the orderly charge and discharge model reduces the operating cost of EV users, and can better exploit the potential of EV energy storage batteries in power grid peak regulation.