Optimization of nutrition conditions of sunflower growing

Abstract

Purpose. To study effects of various variants of main fertilizing followed by foliar application on productivity formation of sunflower hybrids when cultivating on podzolic chornozem. Methods. The research was conducted during 2016–2017 in environments of Khmelnytskyi region on crops of the sunflower hybrids Talsa, Pronto, Golden in accordance to conventional methods. After direct combine harvesting crop capacity for every plot was determined taking into account contamination and humidity 14 % (DSTU 7011: 2009). Oil content was determined by means of the method of fatless residue (GOST 10857-64), protein content was according to GOST 30131-96. Results. Application of mineral fertilizers had positive effect on seed yield of the hybrids under study. Application of N40P40K60 resulted in yielding capacity increase by 53 % in Talsa hybrid, by 58 % in Pronto and Golden hybrids, while application of N80P80K120 contributed to increasing yield in these hybrids by 75, 73 and 81 %, respectively. Application of complex fertilizer Yarylo Оil (2 l/ha) at the phase of 3–4 leaves and the phase of capitulum formation when basic fertilizer applying in the doses N40Р40К60 and N80Р80К120 contributed to yield increasing by 5.4–9.1 % as compared with variants on background of fertilizing. With increasing dose of nitrogen fertilizers, there was a tendency of oil content decreasing in kernels of the sunflower hybrids under study. For example, oil content in the hybrid Talsa at the control variant was 52.3 %, application of N40P40K60 resulted in oil content decreasing to 51.2 %, while N80Р80К120 decreasing to 49.5 %. In the hybrid Pronto these values were, respectively, 49.7 %, 49.3, and 49.0 %, in the hybrid Golden, respectively, 50.1 %, 49.2, and 49.0 %. Application of mineral fertilizers contributed to increase of crude protein content in sunflower seeds which varied depending on experimental variants in the hybrid Talsa from 16.8 to 18.1 %, in Pronto from 17.6 to 19.1 %, and in Golden from 18.0 to 19.4 %. Conclusions. The highest productivity was obtained when cultivating the sunflower hybrid Golden at the variant with application N80Р80К120 + 2 applications with complex fertilizer Yarylo Oil.