Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design

Abstract

Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its demand as a cooking oil has reduced due to health issues related to its consumption. The process variables affecting the transesterification reaction such as methanol/oil ratio (4:1-9:1 mol/mol), catalyst weight (0.5-2%), temperature (40-65°C), reaction time (50-120 min) were optimized using rotatable central composite design of the response surface methodology in order to enhance the percentage yield of the biodiesel production. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.34%) was achieved under 8.08:1 mol/mol methanol/oil ratio, 1.87% catalyst weight, 40°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time. The properties of the biodiesel produced which include kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point and flash point were determined and compared with the European fatty acid methyl ester standard.