Optimization Combination of Suweg Starch (Amorphophallus campanulatus Decne) and Gembili Starch (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) as Filler of Ibuprofen Tablet by Simplex Lattice Design Method

Abstract

Tablet is pharmaceutical dosage form that simple and efficient in drug delivery system. Ibuprofen tablet is usually taken along with food or milk to reduce side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Starch of Suweg and Gembili are not yet widely developed as excipients in tablet formulation. Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems, ibuprofen includes in BCS class II with high permeability and low solubility. This study want to formulate ibuprofen tablets using combination of suweg and gembili starch with wet granulation method. However, the optimum proportion of starch composition is not yet known, so optimization is needed with the simplex lattice design method using Design Expert software. Obtained 8 formulas with physical response: granule flow time, tablet weight uniformity and disintegration time of tablets. The optimization shows that the optimum composition of suweg and gembili starch are 51.809%: 48.191%. The result of statistical analysis [t-test] physical parameters of granule and tablet of ibuprofen optimum formula were not significantly different (p-value > 0.05) with Design Expert prediction. Based on the requirements of Pharmacopeia Indonesia 4th Edition the results of optimum formula test provide good physical test with granule flow time 3.583±0.130 seconds; tablet weight uniformity 498.333±5.080 mg, hardness tablet 4.780±0.130 Kg, friability vvof tablets 0.904% and the disintegration time of tablets 6.833±0.750 minutes. The dissolution profile of the optimum formula showed %DE at 60 minutes is 76.975±0.037%. Consentration of ibuprofen in tablet is 191.755±5.847 mg and percentage of ibuprofen in tablet is 95.877±2.293%.