Optimisation of hand sanitiser gel formula of Tekelan leaves extract (Chromolaena odorata) using simplex lattice design method

Abstract

Background: Tekelan leaves (Chromolaena odorata) has been commonly used traditionally as a medicine. It is known that Tekelan leaves have bioactivity as an antibacterial. These leaves have antibacterial activity for both gram-positive and negative bacteria so that it can be made for semi-solid preparation namely hand sanitiser gel (HSG). This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of HSG base with TLE and determine the physical characteristics of the optimum formula.Methods: Sample extraction was done by maceration method with 96% of ethanol (1:10). Dechlorophyllation with n-hexane also used to separate the chlorophyll and to get a better colour of extract while it formulated in gel form. Optimisation of the gel is conducted with the simplex lattice design (SLD) method. SLD method is available in Design-Expert software. The method was designed to optimise the formula with different concentration of different component (Gliserin, TEA, and Carbopol) so it can produce the optimum formula. The evaluation of HSG involves spreadability test, sticky power and pH test. Furthermore, the acceptability evaluation was done by 20 respondents.Results: The optimum gel base formula is consists of 1.860% glycerin, 2.901% TEA, and 0.739% carbopol with spreadability 3.673 cm, sticky power 1.181 s, and pH 7.187. The acceptability of the C. odorata HSG also compared with one of the commercial HSG. The percentage of acceptability of C. odorata HSG is 75.25% and 80.25% for the commercial HSG.Conclusion: HSG preparations of TLE which are formulated using optimum base formula have good physical properties.