Abstract
Integrated energy systems (IESs) have become a new transition for the traditional electricity industry. In the context of energy mix, end-users participating markets should consider diverse energy mix. Therefore, this paper proposes a day-ahead integrated energy market structure that allows electricity, heat energy and natural gas to trade simultaneously. Aiming at the maximal profit of integrated energy company (IECO) in the market, an optimal trading strategy based on integrated demand response (IDR) is optimized considering complex energy flow constraints of power distribution system, heat system and natural gas system. In this model, the IDR can be carried out based on three steps, i.e. information sharing of the integrated energy market, energy conversion of Energy Hub (EH) and flexible loads scheduling in the retail market. In particular, flexible loads are classified into shiftable loads, reducible loads and convertible loads according to their characteristics. Furthermore, a conditional value-at-risk based mean–variance portfolio model is set up to address the uncertain market prices. Finally, simulation results on a test system with a 33-bus power distribution system, an 11-node natural gas system and a 6-node District Heat System (DHS) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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