Abstract

Recently, the price of photovoltaic (PV) has been reduced massively, consequently the installations of PVs and roof PVs both are increasing rapidly. Although, growing PVs are beneficial for smart grid and environment but problem is that management of PV energy is a challenge. For example, PV generator output power is very uncertain, its mainly depend on weather conditions. Besides, PVs are generating power during the day time only that is why a huge penetration of PVs' power force to change the load demand of thermal generators (TGs) and others grid connected generators. The massive penetration of PVs creates very low and high off-peak and peak respectively. In case of very large gap between peak and off-peak load, the number of start-up and shut down of TGs are needed more. Also, very difficult to run TGs optimally. This research introduces the energy storage systems (ESSs) and demand responses (DRs) due to balance the load demand. The real-time price based DRs have been considered for getting DRs from consumers. This research considers the optimal unit commitment (UC) of TGs with considering optimal ESSs and DRs for reducing the fuels costs and start-up cost of TGs. The optimal simulations are conducted by MATLAB® INTLINPROG optimization tool box.

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