Energy storage and demand response as hybrid mitigation technique for photovoltaic grid connection: Challenges and future trends

Abstract

The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into the electricity grid has the potential to provide clean and sustainable energy, but it also presents challenges related to grid stability and reliability. This review paper aims to provide an overview of PV penetration and discuss the most common challenges and mitigation techniques in this area. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate the growing body of literature that explores the potential benefits of two mitigation techniques: energy storage systems and demand response programs, in the context of high levels of solar PV penetration. Additionally, the paper examines the performance of solar PV systems when these two mitigation techniques are combined. The paper discusses various energy storage and demand response programs proposed in the literature, including their types, applications, challenges, and capacities. It also presents notable projects from around the world that have implemented these strategies. Furthermore, the technical and regulatory challenges associated with integrating these strategies into the grid are highlighted. In addition, the paper explores the complex mathematical models used for accurate forecasting and communication between grid operators and consumers. Estimations demonstrate that both energy storage and demand response have significant potential for maximizing the penetration of renewable energy into the power grid. To address the intermittency of renewable sources, the paper suggests and discusses hybrid energy storage and demand response strategies as more reliable mitigation techniques. These strategies offer promising solutions for integrating intermittent renewable sources into the grid.