Abstract
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential to ensure continuity of energy supply and maintain the reliability of modern power systems. Intermittency and uncertainty of renewable generations due to fluctuating weather conditions as well as uncertain behavior of load demand make ESSs an integral part of power system flexibility management. Typically, the load demand profile can be categorized into peak and off-peak periods, and adding power from renewable generations makes the load-generation dynamics more complicated. Therefore, the thermal generation (TG) units need to be turned on and off more frequently to meet the system load demand. In view of this, several research efforts have been directed towards analyzing the benefits of ESSs in solving optimal unit commitment (UC) problems, minimizing operating costs, and maximizing profits while ensuring supply reliability. In this paper, some recent research works and relevant UC models incorporating ESSs towards solving the abovementioned power system operational issues are reviewed and summarized to give prospective researchers a clear concept and tip-off on finding efficient solutions for future power system flexibility management. Conclusively, an example problem is simulated for the visualization of the formulation of UC problems with ESSs and solutions.
Highlights
Energy production using renewable energy resources has been on the increase on a daily basis all over the world and will likely continue to increase over the few years; on the other hand, fossil-fuel-based energy productions will likely decline
This paper has summarized a broad research area that is related to unit commitment (UC) modeling with Energy storage systems (ESSs) integration
Some models and methodologies of UC are drawn from reviewing several recent research articles
Summary
Energy production using renewable energy resources has been on the increase on a daily basis all over the world and will likely continue to increase over the few years; on the other hand, fossil-fuel-based energy productions will likely decline. TGs make use of a large quantity of fossil fuels to generate electricity; for instance, the U.S Energy Information and Administration (EIA) states that the United States (U.S.) is producing more than 65% of its electricity by burning fossil fuels [7], having already installed (and planning to install) a large number of renewable generators Both wind turbine generators (WTGs) and PV suffer from what is known as intermittency [8,9,10,11,12] because winds have a nasty habit of abruptly dying or springing up, while the sun will disappear behind clouds and injects no power at night from PV. The other fossil-fuel-based TGs cannot run optimally since achieving an effective optimal unit commitment (UC) becomes very difficult as a result of load uncertainties [22] This is because the load curve becomes intractable after the penetration of the renewable generators and the peak and off-peak gap increase in most cases; TG in the grid needs to be frequently turned off and on. This particular review work does not focus on ESSs contribution to the UC program
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