Abstract

The continuous development of fifth-generation (5G) networks is the main driving force for the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is expected that the 5G network will greatly expand the applications of the IoT, thereby promoting the operation of cellular networks, the security and network challenges of the IoT, and pushing the future of the Internet to the edge. Because the IoT can make anything in anyplace be connected together at any time, it can provide ubiquitous services. With the establishment and use of 5G wireless networks, the cellular IoT (CIoT) will be developed and applied. In order to provide more reliable CIoT applications, a reliable network topology is very important. Reaching a consensus is one of the most important issues in providing a highly reliable CIoT design. Therefore, it is necessary to reach a consensus so that even if some components in the system is abnormal, the application in the system can still execute correctly in CIoT. In this study, a protocol of consensus is discussed in CIoT with dual abnormality mode that combines dormant abnormality and malicious abnormality. The protocol proposed in this research not only allows all normal components in CIoT to reach a consensus with the minimum times of data exchange, but also allows the maximum number of dormant and malicious abnormal components in CIoT. In the meantime, the protocol can make all normal components in CIoT satisfy the constraints of reaching consensus: Termination, Agreement, and Integrity.

Highlights

  • In the past few years, many 5G technologies have been developed to provide new infrastructure and design as well as the functions required by the future Internet of Things (IoT) [1,2]

  • The protocol proposed in this research allows all normal components in cellular IoT (CIoT) to reach a consensus with the minimum times of data exchange, and allows the maximum number of dormant and malicious abnormal components in CIoT

  • The protocol proposed in this research, Optimal Consensus with Dual Abnormality Mode (OCDAM), can make all normal processing elements (PEs) satisfy the constraints of reaching consensus: Termination, Agreement, and Integrity

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Summary

Introduction

In the past few years, many 5G technologies have been developed to provide new infrastructure and design as well as the functions required by the future Internet of Things (IoT) [1,2]. Because the advantages of edge computing have been applied to ECIoT, the high-QoS (Quality of Service) IoT applications will be provided [8]. Many related application services require such a consensus, so reaching a consensus in a distributed computing environment with abnormal PEs is one of the core issues in providing high-reliability computing [9]. In order to ensure the reliability of CIoT-related applications, a protocol must be proposed to allow a set of normal PEs to reach a consensus value [10,11]. The protocol proposed in this research, Optimal Consensus with Dual Abnormality Mode (OCDAM), can make all normal PEs satisfy the constraints of reaching consensus: Termination, Agreement, and Integrity.

The Background of Consensus Problem
The Comparisons of Consensus Protocols in Different Network Topologies
Results
The Network Structure
Removing the Influence of Dormant Abnormal PEs
Mitigating the Influence of Malicious Abnormal PEs
The Example of the Proposed Method
The Correctness and Complexity of the Proposed Method
The Correctness Verification
The Complexity Verification
Conclusion of Our Research
Future Works
Full Text
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