Abstract
With the tremendous increase of heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the different service requirements of these IoT applications, machine-type communication (MTC) has attracted considerable attention from both industry and academia. Owing to the prominent advantages of supporting pervasive connectivity and wide area coverage, the cellular network is advocated as the potential wireless solution to realize IoT deployment for MTC, and this creative network paradigm is called the cellular IoT (C-IoT). In this paper, we propose the three-layer structured C-IoT architecture for MTC and review the challenges for deploying green C-IoT. Then, effective strategies for realizing green C-IoT are presented, including the energy efficient and energy harvesting schemes. We put forward several strategies to make the C-IoT run in an energy-saving manner, such as efficient random access and barring mechanisms, self-adapting machine learning predictions, scheduling optimization, resource allocation, fog computing, and group-oriented transmission. As for the energy harvesting schemes, the ambient and dedicated energy harvesting strategies are investigated. Afterwards, we give a detailed case study, which shows the effectiveness of reducing power consumption for the proposed layered C-IoT architecture. Additionally, for real-time and non-real-time applications, the power consumption of different on-off states for MTC devices is discussed.
Highlights
The explosive progress of information technology enables the Internet of Things (IoT) to support billions of devices on a global scale [1], which has built a bridge to connect the virtual cyber world to the real physical world [2]
We review the cellular IoT (C-IoT)
Owing to the limited battery capacity and non-rechargeable characteristics, effective energy harvesting techniques are strongly demanded to prolong the lifespan of these machine-type communication (MTC) devices [65,66], which will in turn guarantee the reliability and lengthen the working time of the entire C-IoT
Summary
The explosive progress of information technology enables the Internet of Things (IoT) to support billions of devices on a global scale [1], which has built a bridge to connect the virtual cyber world to the real physical world [2]. With the trend of massive IoT connectivity, their disadvantages restrict them from going further into practical IoT implementations, and more advanced wireless solutions are advocated [15]. To this end, the cellular network, especially the Fifth-Generation (5G) communication network, exhibits its unique superiority for supporting pervasive connectivity and has been put forward as the most promising wireless solution for massive IoT connectivity [16]. The security and quality of service (QoS) requirement can be guaranteed (Currently, the software-defined network (SDN) is regarded as a crucial technique for IoT deployment. The network management and control, are not the main focus of this paper, which will be left for our further investigation)
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