Abstract
Many efforts are recently being dedicated to developing models that seek to provide insights into the techno-economic benefits of battery storage coupled to photovoltaic (PV) generation system. However, not all models consider the operation of the PV – battery storage system with a feed-in tariff (FiT) incentive, different electricity rates and battery storage unit cost. An electricity customer whose electricity demand is supplied by a grid connected PV generation system benefiting from a FiT incentive is simulated in this paper. The system is simulated with the PV modelled as an existing system and the PV modelled as a new system. For a better understanding of the existing PV system with battery storage operation, an optimisation problem was formulated which resulted in a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The optimisation model was developed to solve the MILP problem and to analyse the benefits considering different electricity tariffs and battery storage in maximising FiT revenue streams for the existing PV generating system. Real data from a typical residential solar PV owner is used to study the benefit of the battery storage system using half-hourly dataset for a complete year. A sensitivity analysis of the MILP optimisation model was simulated to evaluate the impact of battery storage capacity (kWh) on the objective function. In the second case study, the electricity demand data, solar irradiance, tariff and battery unit cost were used to analyse the effect of battery storage unit cost on the adoption of electricity storage in maximising FiT revenue. In this case, the PV is simulated as a new system using Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) software tool while modifying the optimisation formulation to include the PV onsite generation and export tariff incentive. The results provide insights on the benefit of battery storage for existing and new PV system benefiting from FiT incentives and under time-varying electricity tariffs.
Highlights
The validity of the developed optimisation model for charging and discharging of the battery storage system coupled to an existing PV generation system benefiting from the FiT scheme is based on the following assumptions: cheap off peak energy 24:00
This paper examined the value of battery storage with different electricity tariff structures on revenue streams for an existing PV system under FiT incentives
An optimisation model was developed to optimise FiT revenue streams for an existing and new PV generation system coupled with battery storage
Summary
The recent changes in the FiT policies for example in the UK and the closure of the Renewable Obligation scheme applied to a small-scale solar PV with a capacity less than or equal to 5 MW will drastically affect the scale of domestic PV installations [5,6]. For example, Germany, a FiT scheme that favours installation of battery storage to maximise selfconsumption is already in place [7].
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