Optical solitons of Biswas–Arshed equation in birefringent fibers using improved modified extended tanh-function method

Abstract

In this paper, the optical solitons in birefringent optical fibers without four-wave mixing is addressed with the Biswas–Arshed equation. Dark, bright and singular solitons are obtained by using improved extended tanh-function method. Varieties of other traveling wave solutions are also formulated with this method. These solutions include singular periodic solutions, rational solutions, exponential solutions, Jacobi elliptic periodic type solutions and Wieierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions. Moreover, for the physical illustration of the obtained solutions, the graphs are presented.