Optical dark and singular solitons to the Biswas-Arshed equation in birefringent fibers without four-wave mixing

Abstract

This paper addresses the dynamics of optical solitons in birefringent fibers with the advocacy of Biswas-Arshed equation without four-wave mixing terms, in media with Kerr-law nonlinearity. Dark and singular optical solitons are formulated by utilizing a resourceful integration methodology, the extended (G′/G)-expansion method. Variety of other traveling wave solutions are also formulated with this integration technique. These solutions include rational function solutions, mixed hyperbolic function solutions and combination of trigonometric function solutions. Some constraint relations are also listed which emerged from the mathematical analysis and must be pleased to guarantee the existence of solitons.