Abstract
Actigraphy is a well-known, inexpensive method to investigate human movement patterns. Sleep and circadian rhythm studies are among the most popular applications of actigraphy. In this study, we investigate seven common sleep-wake scoring algorithms designed for actigraphic data, namely Cole-Kripke algorithm, two versions of Sadeh algorithm, Sazonov algorithm, Webster algorithm, UCSD algorithm and Scripps Clinic algorithm. We propose a unified mathematical framework describing five of them. One of the observed novelties is that five of these algorithms are in fact equivalent to low-pass FIR filters with very similar characteristics. We also provide explanations about the role of some factors defining these algorithms, as none were given by their Authors who followed empirical procedures. Proposed framework provides a robust mathematical description of discussed algorithms, which for the first time allows one to fully understand their operation and basics.
Highlights
IntroductionFor sleep-related actigraphic studies, one of the main objectives of the data analysis process is to distinguish between stages of sleep and wake during bedtime, with a general assumption of different movement intensity in each
As an actigraph can collect a longitudinal information about one’s movement profile, the application of actigraphy as a complementary or supplementary tool for diagnosis has been investigated for various sleep or circadian rhythm-related disorders
This simple observation allows for the first time to address the similarities and differences between these approaches in a unified and well-established framework
Summary
For sleep-related actigraphic studies, one of the main objectives of the data analysis process is to distinguish between stages of sleep and wake during bedtime, with a general assumption of different movement intensity in each. Over the decades of research in the field of computational approaches for sleep-wake stages discrimination, various algorithms have been developed and investigated with respect to their accuracy, sensitivity or specificity in distinguishing the stages and bidirectional transitions between them. Part of such approaches relies mainly on an epoch-by-epoch movement intensity analysis, and Andrés Ortiz García
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