On the shortest separating cycle

Abstract

According to a result of Arkin et al. (2016), given n point pairs in the plane, there exists a simple polygonal cycle that separates the two points in each pair to different sides; moreover, a O(n)-factor approximation with respect to the minimum length can be computed in polynomial time. Here the following results are obtained:(I) We extend the problem to geometric hypergraphs and obtain the following characterization of feasibility. Given a geometric hypergraph on points in the plane with hyperedges of size at least 2, there exists a simple polygonal cycle that separates each hyperedge if and only if the hypergraph is 2-colorable.(II) We extend the O(n)-factor approximation in the length measure as follows: Given a geometric graph G=(V,E), a separating cycle (if it exists) can be computed in O(m+nlog⁡n) time, where |V|=n, |E|=m. Moreover, a O(n)-approximation of the shortest separating cycle can be found in polynomial time. Given a geometric graph G=(V,E) in R3, a separating polyhedron (if it exists) can be found in O(m+nlog⁡n) time, where |V|=n, |E|=m. Moreover, a O(n2/3)-approximation of a separating polyhedron of minimum perimeter can be found in polynomial time.(III) Given a set of n point pairs in convex position in the plane, we show that a (1+ε)-approximation of a shortest separating cycle can be computed in time nO(ε−1/2). In this regard, we prove a lemma on convex polygon approximation that is of independent interest.