On the possible internal structure of the ferroelectric Ising lines in BaTiO3

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ABSTRACTThis article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the inner structure of the Ising line, a topological defect separating two parts of a ferroelectric Bloch domain wall with opposite helicity, in the framework of the phenomenological Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire model. Results performed for Ising lines in a ⟨211⟩-oriented 180-degree domain wall of rhombohedral BaTiO3 suggest remarkably strong dependence of the polarization profiles on the form of gradient terms. Profiles of the skyrmion density, vorticity and divergence of the polarization field were calculated numerically in the few-nm vicinity of the Ising line defect.