Abstract
Abstract Orthogonal three-dimensional (3D) carbon fibre fabrics with different weave structures were obtained by varying the yarn spacing and number of carbon filaments per tow in the x-, y- and z-directions during weaving. These weave structures were impregnated with epoxy resin to produce orthogonal 3D carbon/epoxy composites. In addition, one-dimensional (0° and 90° unidirectional) and two-dimensional (cross-ply and plain fabric) laminates were prepared from the same carbon fibres and epoxy resin. Single-hole pin-loaded specimens of each material were tested in tension, and the influences of reinforcement type, weave structure, specimen width-to-hole diameter ratio and edge distance-to-hole diameter ratio evaluated. Various modes of failure were observed in the specimens. The effect of in-plane and out-of-plane fibres on the pin-loaded strength of orthogonal 3D composites is discussed.
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