Abstract
Hybrid threats in the form of cyber-attacks on public and private computer networks and systems, economic coercion and/or the spread of disinformation and propaganda are becoming more and more frequent and sophisticated. Hybrid attacks can have significant social and economic consequences, including disrupting the functioning of a democratic society, breaching critical infrastructure, stealing intellectual property and/or manipulating financial markets. These threats are designed to be difficult to detect and identify, which makes it difficult for individual states and transnational groups to react. Therefore, the European Union and its member countries consider it necessary to create a coordinated, efficient and effective response to these threats. Indeed, hybrid threats are mainly directed against democratic societies, often targeting democratic processes and institutions, which can undermine public trust in democratic systems. The fight against hybrid threats is therefore crucial for maintaining the stability and integrity of democratic societies within the European Union.
Published Version
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