Abstract
Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable being good indicators of the upper atmosphere state. The B-star (drag term) drag coefficient is used in this work. This term is used in the SGP and SDP models to take into account the resistance of the atmosphere to the satelite orbital motion. The data of the drag of two artificial satellites, one moving in elliptical and the other in circular orbits at midlatitudes (orbital plane angles of 58°-60°) were considered. These data include the end of the 23rd solar activity cycle, as well as the growth, the maximum and the decay phases of the 24th solar cycle (years 2005–2017). Seven periods of anomalous drag of the satellites were analyzed. They are: 4 monthly periods (two in 2005 and two in 2011) and 3 yearly periods (within 19.07.2014 to 22.08.2015), five-year long (2005–2010) and six-year long (2011–2017) periods. Design/methodology/approach: The periodogram analysis was made. This allowed to reveal the periodic processes in changes in the state of the atmosphere of different duration. The correlation coefficients of the B-star drag term with the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity were calculated. The analysis of extreme drag of the satellites in the periods of the increased solar and geomagnetic activity (intervals of observation lasting a month) was made. Findings: Using the solar and geomagnetic data we found that some month-long part of the anomalous drag periods were followed by flares on the Sun and the arrival of the coronal mass ejections into the near-Earth space. At time intervals of yearlong observations the highest values (0.5-0.7) were obtained for the coefficients of the B-star parameter correlation with the solar activity indices – solar radiation at the wavelength of 10.7 cm, F10.7, and Lyman alpha radiation, Lα. At monthly time intervals, the largest values of the correlation coefficients were obtained for the B-stars with the electron fluxes with energies above 0.6 and 2 MeV, E, (0.3-0.5), the Lyman alpha radiation, Lα, (0.58–0.73 for a сircular orbit satellite), and the solar constant, TSI, (0.3–0.6), as well as the geomagnetic storms intensity index, Dst , (0.66–0.69). Periodogram calculations show the presence of a whole spectrum of periods in the deceleration of a circular orbit satellite and a dedicated period for an elliptical orbit satellite. Conclusions: The B-star drag term dependences on the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity during some periods of their intensification for the 23–24 cycles of solar activity are considered. The periodogram analysis made together with the analysis of the conditions and parameters of space weather allows to see the general and more detailed picture of the solar and geomagnetic activity influence on the change in the motion of the satellite in the atmosphere. The B-star drag term helps to consider only the atmosphere influence on the artificial satellite movement in the near-Earth space. Key words: artificial satellite, atmosphere, artificial satellite drag, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, space weather
Highlights
Artificial satellites observations make it possible to determine changes in the upper atmosphere density, the structure of the Earth’s gravitational field, etc., based on disturbances in their orbits
The daily changes in the upper atmosphere state can be caused by joint heating of the atmosphere, by UV and corpuscular radiation [4], only by UV radiation [5], only by ion drift [6], by UV radiation and solar radiation in the radio wavelength range [3]
We have found that from the periodograms being built for the time interval of 2011–2017
Summary
Artificial satellites observations make it possible to determine changes in the upper atmosphere density, the structure of the Earth’s gravitational field, etc., based on disturbances in their orbits. Cole considered the indirect influence of solar activity (heating by auroral electric jets) on semiannual changes in atmospheric density in his work [12] in 1971. Investigations of the upper atmosphere density dependence on geomagnetic storms are based on the data of satellites drag observations. The influence of solar activity, which leads to magnetic storms, causing an increase in the atmosphere density and temperature, is considered in [9]. The fact that the density is closely related to the change in the equatorial Dst index was established from the analysis of the atmospheric density, the Dst index, and the planetary daily average geomagnetic Ap index These studies determine the relationship of the solar activity centers with the interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic activity. The artificial Earth satellites (AES) are used as indicators of the impact of space weather on the upper atmosphere of the Earth [21, 22]
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