Abstract
The aim in this review is to explain the role of the gastrointestinal system in obesity and related complications by focusing on the biological mechanisms between obesity and the gastrointestinal system, based on the latest evidence in the literature. A systematic search of the literatures in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases was conducted. Factors such as inflammation, mechanical space-occupying effect, microbiota, and adipocyte peptides are involved the development of obesity-related gastrointestinal system comorbidities. However, obesity occurs when the connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain changes. Signaling dysfunction disrupts the brain-gut axis, leading to increased frequency of food intake and excessive fat accumulation. Obesity increases the risk of developing gastrointestinal system disorders. However, the gastrointestinal tract and its pathophysiology play a key role the regulation of food intake and subsequent progression to obesity.
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