Abstract
The article investigates the thoughts of Francisco José de Oliveira Vianna (1883-1951) concerning the ethno-racial relations shaped by the Brazilian state. The study employs a historical analysis of scientific discourses within the field of law, grounded in the methodological foundations of the archaeology of knowledge and power. Vianna constructed a eugenic narrative, disseminated under the title "Evolução do povo brasileiro no Censo de 1920" (Evolution of the Brazilian People in the 1920 Census), reflecting an integrationist indigenous policy and a racist approach that steered the nation toward whitening. Examining Oliveira Vianna's theory remains crucial not only for critically revisiting the foundations of Brazilian political, legal, and social thought in its conservative and authoritarian aspects but also for understanding the normative concept of people or nation as something less naturalized.
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