Abstract

Using the strong field approximation theory, we conducted a detailed numerical investigation on the photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) arising from the ionization of hydrogen atoms by a circularly polarized spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) pulse. STOV pulses have a unique spatial structure and peculiar phase properties. Our simulations reveal that PMDs exhibit a complex interference structure characterized by circular momentum bands intertwined with intricate interference fringes. A thorough examination of the multi-photon process provides a comprehensive explanation for the circular momentum band formation. We develop an expression to elucidate their center momentum positions within the PMDs. Furthermore, we perform a detailed analysis of the fine interference fringes, attributing their origin to the singular phase of the STOV pulse. Despite their distinct manifestations, we infer that the circular momentum bands and fine interference fringes stem from the simultaneous dependence upon the space and time variables of the STOV phase.

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